In the Swedish syntactic lexicon following aspects of lexically determined syntactic behaviour have been accounted for:

• subcategorization, including functions of subcategorized elements, information on their optionality, their position and morphosyntactic realisation, syntactic and semantic restrictions
• characteristics of the lexical unit when associated to a subcategorization frame
• control
• pronominalization

These lexically determined information categories have been considered as criterial for distinguishing different types of subcategorizations frames in Swedish, or in other words, for postulating 438 Description objects. The information has been encoded in the SGML DTD format by means of the following objects:

• Description (Frame) (a syntactic behaviour: Self + Construction)
• Self (lexical unit's characteristics when inserted into Construction)
• Construction (list of Positions (slots))
• Position (Slot) (a complement or an element of context)
• Syntagma (Slot's non-terminal (NTC) or terminal realization (T))
• Typed-feature (restrictions to be added on SyntagmaNTC, SyntagmaT or on Self)

To make the syntactic content of the lexicon more perspicuous, a closer look at some language specific linguistic criteria relevant for differentiation of syntactic descriptions for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are outlined below. In Appendix I, the excerpts from the Swedish PAROLE lexicon are provided in the standardized SGML DTD format.

2.2.1 Nouns

The noun descriptions in the Swedish PAROLE lexicon capture information on subcategorization frames for nouns which are heads in nominal phrases. There are 192 noun descriptions distinguished in the lexicon. All of them except one, DN0, have subcategorization frames which are lexically determined by their heads. The nouns sharing the DN0 description can relatively freely take a number of facultative pre- or postmodifing attributes in conformity to the rules of the Swedish grammar. In the premodifing positions, one can find nominal genetive attribute (Pelles/hans  'Pelle's/his'), numeral and/or adjectival attribute(s) (fem nya  'five new'). In the postmodifying position, an adverb, att -clause, relative clause or prepositional attribute can occur.

Those nouns that lexically determine their subcategorization patterns are given a more itemized description code, specifying obligatory or optional occurence of complements, their function, realization and preferences on selectional restrictions. For example, the obligatory complements are part of such noun descriptions as DNNCOMPLX (aning  'a touch (of)'), DNNCOMPLavX (anhängare  'follower'), or DNNCOMPLavAX (avsaknad  'loss, want'), while the optional ones can be found in DNNCOMPLfmedX (fusion  'fusion') and DNNCOMPLfavAX (bild  'picture'). (Some decoding clues: D description; NCOMPL noun complement; f facultative av/med  are particular realisations of prepositions; A animatum, X inanimatum).

The syntactic unit, bild  ('picture'), USYN ID="US1710_1867_1, linked to the morphological unit UM_S ID="NO1710_1867, is given the following representation in the Swedish PAROLE lexicon (The representation below has been manually structured in order tobring out the SGML DTD objects.):

bild

The semantic representation for this noun is given in the document The Swedish SIMPLE Lexicon.

2.2.2 Verbs

Verb descriptions in the Swedish PAROLE lexicon account for those subcategorization frames in which verbs function as heads in active clauses. There are 177 verb descriptions distinguished in the Swedish lexicon. These descriptions cover mono-, bi- and trivalent verbs. In order to make the encoding of subcategorizations frames for verbs consistent and h omogeneous, the following subclasses av verbs have been distinguished with respect to their morphosyntactic and semantic properties:

1. simplex verbs
2. reflexive verbs
3. particle verbs
4. reflexive particle verbs
5. modal verbs
6. copula verbs

The information on the classes i to vi can be read off from the value of the object Self. The above verb subclassification makes it also possible to trigger off relevant sets of grammatical rules for particular verb classes. For example, reflexive verbs activate a grammatical rule that accounts for a coreferential relation between the subject and the reflexive pronoun in the clause. Particle verbs in Swedish trigger off a grammatical rule which defines particle position as either free or verb bound.

The relevant information on verbs arguments is conveyed by objects Construction and Position. The function of arguments and their realisation, the arguments' place in a construction and their optionality as well as selectional preferences with respect to feature Animatum/Inanimatum have been encoded. In a few cases, information on semantic role has been provided.

An SGML representation for the description D01P11DO (avskeda  - dismiss) is given below. The description D01P11DO exemplifies a subcategorization frame for bivalent transitive verbs with the subject and object being restricted to animate nouns.

avskedar

The semantic representation for this verb is described in the document The Swedish SIMPLE Lexicon.

For more extensive morphological and syntactic representation and exemplification of nouns and verbs see the Swedish PAROLE-SIMPLE sample lexicon.

2.2.3 Adjectives

Syntactic descriptions have been provided for 1715 adjectives in the Swedish PAROLE lexicons. There are 60 different adjectival syntactic descriptions used to subcategorize adjectival frames

The main division line among the types of adjectival subcategorization frames has been drawn between those that can function as heads in predicative positions and those that function as modifiers in nominal phrases. The syntactic behaviour of the adjectives in the modifier position is defined by grammatical rules and for this reason, it is less interesting from the lexical point of view. The adjectives functioning as modifiers share the subcategorization frame encoded as DAN, in which the modifying adjective is put in the left position with respect to the head noun. The majority of the adjectives occurring in this position can also be used in a subjective predicative function and thus they subsume under the subcategorization frame of the type DACVASuPr. The descriptions DAN and DACVASuPr capture the most common subcategorization frames for adjectives.

In the Swedish PAROLE lexicon, there are many adjectives that impose lexically determined restrictions on their complements when used in predicative constructions. These have been assigned to more specific subcategorization frames. For instance, the adjectives that can take an infinitive clause as their optional complement are assigned the subcategorization frame DAINFCLf (befriande ). The class of adjectives that can undergo Tough-Movement is captured by the description type DAACOMPLfforAINFCLf.

The example in the SGML-format for the adjective befriande  ('relieving') is included in the Appendix I.

2.2.4 Adverbs

In the Swedish LE PARLE lexicon, there are 543 adverbs subcategorized according to the following 8 descriptions: