SIMPLE LE4-8346
WP03.5
SIMPLE - LEXICON DOCUMENTATION
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Document first version date |
26/04/2000 |
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Document date |
01/01/2000 |
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Document ID |
WP03.5 |
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Version |
01 |
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Doc.type |
QAP* |
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Document status |
to be validated |
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Validation type |
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Comments |
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Name |
Organisation |
Purpose |
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From |
Sari Salmisuo |
HEL |
documentation |
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To |
Technical Manager |
Information |
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Lexicon Documentation
1. General design information
The building of the semantic part of the lexicon began with "translating" the base concepts into Finnish words already present in the LE-PAROLE lexicon. Separate frequency lists for nouns, verbs and adjectives derived from corpus and a frequency lexicon of Finnish provide the rest of the words to be encoded during SIMPLE. The same frequency lists were used in selecting entries of the Finnish LE-PAROLE lexicon. The words are not necessarily encoded in the same order as in the lists, because some target Usem's of semantic relations are encoded at the same time as the source Usem's. Towards the end of the project, dummy entries were being encoded, irrespective of their frequency.
The semantic lexicon is built from scratch. The printed dictionaries Nykysuomen sanakirja and Suomen kielen perussanakirja provide the sense definitions. The number of subsenses of a word in either Nykysuomen sanakirja or Suomen kielen perussanakirja is the basis for the number of Usems of the particular word.
1.2. Current Lexicon Contents
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Number of full Usem's |
10048 |
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Number of Dummy Usem's |
1463 |
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Number of syntactic units in Parole lexicon |
25365 |
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Number of syntactic units addressed by SIMPLE |
4816 |
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Usem's per categories |
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Nouns |
7012 |
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Verbs |
2017 |
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Adjectives |
1019 |
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TOTAL |
10048 |
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Number of Usem's per Template type |
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319 WVSFTemplatePurposeActPROT 254 WVSFTemplateArtifactPROT 243 WVSFTemplateADJPsychologicalProperty 226 WVSFTemplateInstrumentPROT 208 WVSFTemplateStatePROT 207 WVSFTemplateRelationalActPROT 205 WVSFTemplateADJPhysicalProperty 197 WVSFTemplatePartPROT 169 WVSFTemplateADJExtensional 167 WVSFTemplateActPROT 163 WVSFTemplateBodypartPROT 155 WVSFTemplateCauseChangeofStatePROT 151 WVSFTemplateQualityPROT 139 WVSFTemplateConstitutivePROT 137 WVSFTemplateMovePROT 128 WVSFTemplateInstitutionPROT 127 WVSFTemplatecooperativeActivityPROT 127 WVSFTemplateExperienceEventPROT 126 WVSFTemplateEventPROT 123 WVSFTemplateInformationPROT 123 WVSFTemplateHumanGroupPROT 121 WVSFTemplateIdentificationalStatePROT 118 WVSFTemplateProfessionPROT 118 WVSFTemplateBuildingPROT 115 WVSFTemplateCauseConstitutiveChangePROT 106 WVSFTemplateChangeofStatePROT 102 WVSFTemplateConcreteEntityPROT 99 WVSFTemplateSignPROT 95 WVSFTemplateHumanPROT 94 WVSFTemplateTransactionPROT 94 WVSFTemplateNaturalsubstancePROT 93 WVSFTemplateAgentoftemporaryactivityPROT 92 WVSFTemplateNonRelationalActPROT 92 WVSFTemplateCauseChangeLocationPROT 90 WVSFTemplateSemioticartifactPROT 88 WVSFTemplateStativeLocationPROT 88 WVSFTemplatePhenomenonPROT 87 WVSFTemplateGroupPROT 87 WVSFTemplateAbstractEntityPROT 86 WVSFTemplatePhysicalpropertyPROT 85 WVSFTemplateConventionPROT 84 WVSFTemplateLocationPROT 83 WVSFTemplateSubstancePROT 82 WVSFTemplatePsychpropertyPROT 79 WVSFTemplate3DLocationPROT 77 WVSFTemplateSocial-statusPROT 77 WVSFTemplateAmountPROT 77 WVSFTemplateADJIntensional 76 WVSFTemplateTimePROT 76 WVSFTemplatePsychologicalEventPROT 76 WVSFTemplateArtworkPROT 75 WVSFTemplateSymbolicCreationPROT 75 WVSFTemplateRepresentationPROT 71 WVSFTemplateRolePROT 71 WVSFTemplateRelationalStatePROT 71 WVSFTemplateChangeofLocationPROT 69 WVSFTemplateAreaPROT 68 WVSFTemplateChangeofPossessionPROT 66 WVSFTemplateCognitiveEventPROT 65 WVSFTemplateModalEventPROT 64 WVSFTemplateUnitofmeasurementPROT 64 WVSFTemplateADJObjectRelated 63 WVSFTemplateAgentivePROT 63 WVSFTemplateADJSocialProperty 61 WVSFTemplateSpeechActPROT 60 WVSFTemplateCognitivefactPROT 59 WVSFTemplateCauseChangePROT 58 WVSFTemplateReportingEventPROT 58 WVSFTemplateEarth-AnimalPROT 57 WVSFTemplateJudgmentPROT 57 WVSFTemplateDomainPROT 56 WVSFTemplatePlantPROT 56 WVSFTemplateDirectiveSpeechActPROT 56 WVSFTemplateChangePROT 55 WVSFTemplateSocialPropertyPROT 55 WVSFTemplateKinshipPROT 51 WVSFTemplateContainerPROT 51 WVSFTemplateArtifactualareaPROT 51 WVSFTemplateAgentofpersistentactivityPROT 48 WVSFTemplateStativePossessionPROT 48 WVSFTemplateEntityPROT 45 WVSFTemplateClothingPROT 44 WVSFTemplateNaturalTransitionPROT 43 WVSFTemplateCauseActPROT 41 WVSFTemplateCauseChangeofValuePROT 40 WVSFTemplateCausePROT 39 WVSFTemplatePerceptionPROT 39 WVSFTemplateAcquireKnowledgePROT 38 WVSFTemplatePhysicalobjectPROT 37 WVSFTemplateVehiclePROT 37 WVSFTemplateMovementofthoughtPROT 37 WVSFTemplateExpressiveSpeechActPROT 37 WVSFTemplateCauseAspectualPROT 36 WVSFTemplatePropertyPROT 36 WVSFTemplateConstitutiveStatePROT 36 WVSFTemplateChangeofValuePROT 36 WVSFTemplateADJTemporalProperty 36 WVSFTemplateADJRelationalProperty 35 WVSFTemplateTelicPROT 35 WVSFTemplateADJManner 34 WVSFTemplateADJIntensifyingProperty 33 WVSFTemplateFurniturePROT 33 WVSFTemplateCauseExperienceEventPROT 32 WVSFTemplatePeoplePROT 31 WVSFTemplateCauseMotionPROT 31 WVSFTemplateArtifactFoodPROT 30 WVSFTemplateOpeningPROT 30 WVSFTemplateConstitutiveChangePROT 29 WVSFTemplateIdeoPROT 29 WVSFTemplateExistPROT 29 WVSFTemplateCommissiveSpeechActPROT 29 WVSFTemplateAspectualPROT 28 WVSFTemplateMoralstandardPROT 28 WVSFTemplateCauseRelationalChangePROT 28 WVSFTemplateAnimalPROT 27 WVSFTemplateShapePROT 27 WVSFTemplateGiveKnowledgePROT 27 WVSFTemplateCooperativeSpeechActPROT 27 WVSFTemplateADJEmphasizer 26 WVSFTemplateArtifactualmaterialPROT 25 WVSFTemplateSubstancefoodPROT 25 WVSFTemplateAir-AnimalPROT 24 WVSFTemplateCreationPROT 23 WVSFTemplateGeopoliticalLocationPROT 22 WVSFTemplateDiseasePROT 22 WVSFTemplateDeclarativeSpeechActPROT 20 WVSFTemplateStimulusPROT 20 WVSFTemplatePhysicalCreationPROT 20 WVSFTemplateMoneyPROT 19 WVSFTemplateWater-AnimalPROT 19 WVSFTemplatePhysicalpowerPROT 19 WVSFTemplateOrganicobjectPROT 19 WVSFTemplateLivingentityPROT 19 WVSFTemplateCauseNaturalTransitionPROT 18 WVSFTemplateRelationalChangePROT 17 WVSFTemplateArtifactualdrinkPROT 14 WVSFTemplateMentalCreationPROT 14 WVSFTemplateFoodPROT 12 WVSFTemplateMaterialPROT 12 WVSFTemplateLanguagePROT 12 WVSFTemplateADJModal 11 WVSFTemplateCopyCreationPROT 11 WVSFTemplateADJTemporal 10 WVSFTemplateNumberPROT 10 WVSFTemplateMicro-organismPROT 10 WVSFTemplateFruitPROT 7 WVSFTemplateADJEmotive 6 WVSFTemplateFlowerPROT 6 WVSFTemplateFlavouringPROT 3 WVSFTemplateWeatherVerbPROT 3 WVSFTemplateVegetalentityPROT 3 WVSFTemplateDrinkPROT 3 WVSFTemplateColorPROT 1 WVSFTemplateRelationalchangePROT 1 WVSFTemplatePropernounPROT
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Number of Usem's per Domain |
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3795 General 599 Psychology 282 Sociology 256 Physics 255 Linguistics 227 Law 212 Economics 209 Manufacturing_industry 199 Philosophy 184 Religion 180 Anatomy 175 Military 160 Employment 159 Construction 150 Botany 149 Government-administration 143 Sport 141 Business 137 Demography 136 Mathematics 132 Geography 122 Sciences 119 Music 117 Commerce 108 Physiology 107 Media 104 Zoology 104 Transport 104 Food 103 Clothing_industry 102 Politics 100 Politics_and_government 97 Ethnology 95 Chemistry 94 Medicine 93 Life_sciences 90 Education 89 Astronomy 86 Leisure 80 History 79 Theology 79 Creative_writing 78 Arts 73 Forestry 71 Health_and_medicine 69 Fashion 59 Meteorology 56 Cooking_industry 52 Metallurgy 51 Craft_industry 50 Social_action 50 Architecture 49 Hydrology 47 Ecology 46 Agriculture 44 Furnishing 43 Publishing 43 Graphic_arts 41 Penal_system 41 International_affairs 40 Sea_transport 40 Home_and_garden 39 Law_enforcement 39 Furniture 39 Drink 37 Kitchen_equipment 36 Arable_farming 36 Acoustics 35 Theater 35 Textiles 35 Inland_waterway_transport 35 Human_sciences 35 Electrical_engineering 34 Finance 32 Hunting_and_shooting 31 Mechanical_engineering 31 Marriage 31 Cartography 29 Town_and_country_planning 29 Restauration 29 Mammalogy 29 Livestock_farming 29 Film 28 Gardening 28 Games 28 Entomology 28 Crime 27 Telecommunications 27 Road_transport 26 Photography 26 Ornithology 26 Geology 25 Cards 24 Service_industry 24 Geometry 24 Computing 24 Christianity 23 Real_estate 23 Office_equipment 23 Death 22 Radio-television 22 Mail 22 Cuisine 22 Building_crafts 21 Monarchy 20 Washing 20 Sports_and_leisure 20 Fishing 20 Dance 18 Electronic_engineering 17 Meeting 17 Higher_education 17 Bakery 16 Newspaper_publishing 16 Mythology 16 Banking 15 Pets 15 Opera 14 Ship_building 14 Sex 14 Papermaking 14 Packaging 14 Mining-general 14 Hydrography 14 Fire 14 Dermatology 14 Cereal_farming 14 Angling 13 Obstetrics 13 Hair 13 Chess 12 Rail_transport 12 Phonetics 12 Fruit_and_vegetables 12 Electricity 12 Electrical_work 12 Audiovisual 11 Venery 11 Pharmacy 11 Ichthyologie 11 Gymnastics 11 Equestrian_sport 10 Shoemaking 10 Heating 10 Genetics 10 Cattle_farming 10 Astrology 10 Air_transport 9 Printing 9 Librarianship 9 Jewelry 9 Home_laundry 9 Cleaning 9 Butchery 9 Brewing 9 Archaeology 9 Advertising 8 Woodworking 8 Topography 8 Statistics 8 Sculpture 8 Logic 8 House_painting 8 Enology 8 Earth_sciences 8 Baseball 7 Ophthalmology-optometry 7 Firefighting 7 Drugs 7 Cosmetics 7 Commercial_law 7 Baby_care 6 Taxation 6 Surface_treatment 6 Skiing 6 Sailing_yachting_and_boating 6 Roman_catholicism 6 Primary_and_secondary_education 6 Mineralogy 6 Knitting 6 Diplomacy 6 Dentistry 6 Army 6 Agriculture-fishing-forestry 6 Accounting 5 Water 5 Typography 5 Tobacco_industry 5 Tanning 5 Smoking 5 Sheep_farming 5 Shaving 5 Pedology 5 Ortodox_church 5 Hotel_business 5 Horology 5 Heraldry 5 Flower_growing 5 Automobile_engineering 5 Archery 5 Aerospace_engineering 4 Waste_treatment 4 Viticulture 4 Surveying 4 Social_security 4 Sewing 4 Poultry_farming 4 Poetics 4 Physical_sciences 4 Herpetology 4 Fencing 4 Circus 4 Building 3 Versification 3 Utilities 3 Swimming 3 Surgery 3 Subway_transport 3 Sowing 3 Rowing 3 Psychiatry 3 Protestantism 3 Plumbing 3 Paintmaking 3 Oncology 3 Mycology 3 Microscopy 3 Masonry 3 Management 3 Insurance 3 Hygiene 3 Horse_racing 3 Histology 3 Freshwater_fishing 3 Ear-nose-throat 3 Dyeing 3 Distilling 3 Criminal_law 3 Cardiology 3 Boxing 3 Ballet 3 Bacteriology 3 Antiquity 2 Wrestling 2 Volcanology 2 Virology 2 Veterinary_medicine 2 Upholstering 2 Soccer 2 Rugby 2 Roofing 2 Rhetoric 2 Retail 2 Petrology 2 Perfumery 2 Navy 2 Marketing 2 Magic_and_witchcraft 2 Locksmithing 2 Judaism 2 International_law 2 Hinduism 2 Health 2 Glazing 2 Embryology 2 Cytology 2 Bookbinding 2 Beekeeping 2 Basketry 2 Athletics 2 American_football 1 Tiling 1 Steel_industry 1 Soapmaking 1 Shows 1 Seismology 1 Quarrying 1 Pottery 1 Plastics 1 Pig_farming 1 Petrography 1 Parapsychology 1 Paperhanging 1 Oil_industry 1 Oceanography 1 Nuclear_physics 1 Neurology 1 Metrology 1 Islam 1 Horseshoeing 1 Hematology 1 Glassmaking 1 Gas 1 Cycling 1 Civil_law 1 Ceramics 1 Bus_transport 1 Buddhism 1 Basketball 1 Automation 1 Airforce
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Number of Usem's per Semantic Class for Nouns, Verbs and Adjectives |
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1193 Attribute 702 Change 417 Abstract 392 Artifact 350 State 337 Motion 337 Communication 332 Event 311 Location 304 Human 300 Notion 276 Stative 276 Cognition 253 Occupation_agent 245 Collective 244 Occupation 226 Psychological_feature 220 Substance 208 Part 196 Emotion 195 Instrument 191 Possession 187 Creation 163 Body_part 153 Activity 127 Agency 123 Operation 111 Building 107 Matter 101 Phenomenon 101 Bio 98 Social 83 Edible 78 Amount 77 Object 77 Contact 76 Perception 75 Measure_unit 71 Process 70 Time_period 67 Administrative 63 Concrete 61 Apparatus 60 Cognitive_fact 54 Container 50 System_of_thought 48 Mammal 47 Plant 45 Game 44 Semiotic 44 Body 43 Garment 38 Living_Being 37 Vehicle 36 Competition 33 Furniture 33 Ethnos 31 Period 31 Ideo 30 Situ 30 Functional_space 29 Animal 28 Geography 27 Sound 27 Form 26 Insect 24 Illness 21 Weather 21 Bird 19 Currency 17 Letter 16 Consumption 16 Color 14 Musical_instrument 14 Day 13 Tree 13 Affection 10 Microorganism 10 Fruit 10 Fish 6 Shrub 6 Flower 4 Reptile 4 Measuring_instrument 4 Cardinal_point 2 Mushroom 2 Individual_names 1 Organism 1 Number 1 Month 1 Mollusc 1 Mineral 1 Group_names 1 Fictive 1 Amphibian
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2. Semantic encoding
2.1. Criteria for Syntax-Semantic linking
In the Finnish PAROLE lexicon, most entries have one syntactic unit. Consequently, this one syntactic unit is linked to all the subsenses (semantic units) of the word in question. When an entry has two syntactic units, the morphological and syntactic behaviour of the subsense determines which semantic unit the syntactic unit is linked to. This involves, for example, verbs where one subsense is fully inflected and another subsense is realised in first person singular.
2.2. Criteria for assigning Domain Features
In assigning domain features, we are using a published thesaurus Yleinen suomalainen asiasanasto ("general Finnish thesaurus"), where Finnish terms are categorised according to domains. When an electronic version VESA - Verkkosanasto ("net thesaurus") became available, this was used over the net.
This thesaurus also provides hyperonyms which can be used in determining the isa-relations.
Some dictionary definitions include domain information, which is made use of as well.
2.3. Criteria for assigning Semantic Class and Template Type
Linguistic specifications by the specification group are the main criteria for assigning template type and semantic class information. This includes the linguistic tests in the templates and the encoded examples. In verb encoding, Levin's English Verb Classes and Alternations has been used as reference.
2.3.1. Criteria for encoding Semantic Relations
Useful and prototypical information has been encoded in the semantic relations even if this has resulted in dummy Usem's. The dictionary definition is an important criterion. If the dictionary definition of, for example, an animal explicitly mentions a specific body part of the animal and it seems essential and prototypical, this is a criterion for encoding this body part in the relation has_as_part. Similarly, if the definition mentions the material of, for example, an instrument, this is a criterion for encoding this in the made_of relation.
2.3.2. Criteria for encoding Derivation Relations (optional).
If the dictionary definition in Nykysuomen sanakirja (or Suomen kielen perussanakirja, which does this rarely) refers explicitly to a word the encoded word is derived from, this relation is encoded.
2.4. Classes derived from encoding
A list of the polysemic relations encoded in the Finnish lexicon:
34 SRPolysemyInstitution-Building
25 SRPolysemyInstitution-HumanGroup
24 SRPolysemyAnimal-Food
23 SRPolysemySemioticartifact-Information
21 SRPolysemyInformation-Semioticartifact
19 SRPolysemyPlant-Substance
16 SRPolysemyBuilding-Institution
15 SRPolysemyHumanGroup-Institution
10 SRPolysemyContainer-Amount
9 SRPolysemySubstance-Plant
8 SRPolysemyFood-Animal
8 SRPolysemyAnimal-Material
6 SRPolysemyPlant-Fruit
6 SRPolysemyPeople-Language
6 SRPolysemyLanguage-People
6 SRPolysemyAmount-Container
5 SRPolysemyHumanGroup-GeopoliticalLocation
5 SRPolysemyGeopoliticalLocation-HumanGroup
5 SRPolysemyFruit-Plant
5 SRPolysemyConvention-Semioticartifact
4 SRPolysemyLocation-HumanGroup
3 SRPolysemySemioticartifact-Convention
3 SRPolysemyMaterial-Animal
3 SRPolysemyBuilding-HumanGroup
2 SRPolysemyPlant-Flower
2 SRPolysemyPlant-Flavouring
2 SRPolysemyHumanGroup-Building
2 SRPolysemyAspectual-CauseAspectual
1 SRPolysemyProfession-Agentofpersistentactivity
1 SRPolysemyMove-ChangeofLocation
1 SRPolysemyFlower-Plant
1 SRPolysemyFlavouring-Plant
1 SRPolysemyConstitutiveChange-CauseConstitutiveChange
1 SRPolysemyChangeofvalue-Causechangeofvalue
1 SRPolysemyChangeofLocation-Move
1 SRPolysemyCausechangeofvalue-Changeofvalue
1 SRPolysemyCauseConstitutiveChange-ConstitutiveChange
1 SRPolysemyCauseAspectual-Aspectual
2.5. Representation of Predicative information.
The predicative representation of the semantic unit reflects what is already encoded in the construction element of the syntactic unit. Because some Finnish verbs require an oblique or adverbial to be inflected in a particular case, this kind of information has been encoded in the syntactic unit. Consequently, some intransitive verbs, for example, have two arguments: subject as Arg0 and adverbial or oblique as Arg1. This is, of course, reflected in the linking of position elements to arguments.
The predicative representation of adjectives involves cases where the adjective requires the following noun or infinitive construction to be inflected in a particular case. E.g. "ahne rahalle" (greedy for money), where the adjective ahne ("greedy") requires the NP complement raha ("money") to be inflected in the allative case. Not all Finnish adjectives require nouns to be inflected, and consequently only part of the adjectives in the lexicon have predicative representation.
3. Statistics
Listing of Features and Relations used in the lexicon:
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Features |
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798 WVSFSyntacticTypeAttrPredPROT 681 WVSFGradabilityYes 594 WVSFDurationPERSISTENTPROT 360 WVSFConnotationNegativeESS 345 WVSFConnotationPositiveESS 332 WVSFIntersective 312 WVSFSubsective 299 WVSFGradabilityNo 223 WVSFDurationUnderspecifiedPROT 220 WVSFDimension3PROT 219 WVSFSyntacticTypeAttrPROT 195 WVSFDurationTEMPORARYPROT 167 WVSFPrivativeYesESS 107 WVSFContactYesESS 106 WVSFConnotationUnderspecifiedESS 100 WVSFPolarityPositiveESS 95 WVSFMeaningCompAttitudeEvaluationPositive 91 WVSFAttitudeFORESS 83 WVSFAudienceUnderspecifiedESS 81 WVSFMannerYesPROT 77 WVSFLegalYesESS 77 WVSFDimension2PROT 70 WVSFStateSolidPROT 64 WVSFMeronymYesESS 61 WVSFStrengthHIGHESS 61 WVSFMeronymYesPROT 61 WVSFHabitatEarthPROT 60 WVSFFormalityUnderspecifiedESS 59 WVSFMannerYesESS 58 WVSFPresuppositionPRESUPPOSEDESS 57 WVSFAudiencePUBLICESS 52 WVSFPresuppositionNEWESS 49 WVSFSexFemaleESS 49 WVSFPresupposedYesPROT 48 WVSFMeaningCompAttitudeEvaluationNegative 48 WVSFDirectionUPPROT 47 WVSFPunctualNoPROT 46 WVSFSexMaleESS 45 WVSFPresuppositionNEWPROT 41 WVSFDirectionDOWNPROT 40 WVSFFormalityFORMALESS 40 WVSFAffectednessPositiveESS 39 WVSFAspectTERMINATIVEPROT 38 WVSFRealityConcrete 38 WVSFExplicitnessExplicitESS 37 WVSFPossibleYesPROT 36 WVSFMeaningCompQuantityPositive 36 WVSFIterativePlusPROT 35 WVSFAgeAdultPROT 34 WVSFMeaningCompPowerPositive 34 WVSFMeaningCompBehaviourPositive 34 WVSFAttitudeAGAINSTESS 34 WVSFAgeAdultESS 30 WVSFIterativeMinusPROT 30 WVSFDurationTEMPORARYESS 29 WVSFPrivativeYesPROT 29 WVSFDirectionUnderspecifiedPROT 28 WVSFAgeYoungESS 27 WVSFSexMalePROT 25 WVSFDimension2ESS 24 WVSFRealityAbstract 23 WVSFStateLiquidPROT 23 WVSFHabitatWaterPROT 23 WVSFHabitatAirPROT 22 WVSFMeaningCompExperiencePositive 22 WVSFMeaningCompAttitudeEvaluationUnderspecified 22 WVSFAspectINCHOATIVEPROT 20 WVSFPresupposedYesESS 20 WVSFDirectionUnderspecifiedESS 19 WVSFSexFemalePROT 19 WVSFMeaningCompExperienceNegative 19 WVSFMeaningCompBehaviourNegative 18 WVSFDirectionFORWARDESS 18 WVSFDirectionDOWNESS 18 WVSFDirectionAROUNDPROT 17 WVSFMeaningCompDimensionPositive 17 WVSFLegalNoESS 17 WVSFIntentionalityYesESS 17 WVSFIntentionalityNoESS 17 WVSFDirectionAROUNDESS 16 WVSFStateSolidESS 16 WVSFStateLiquidESS 16 WVSFMeaningCompPsychStatePositive 16 WVSFDurationUnderspecifiedESS 15 WVSFObligationSTRONGESS 15 WVSFMeaningCompQuantityNegative 15 WVSFMeaningCompPlaceUnderspecified 15 WVSFAgeOldESS 14 WVSFMeaningCompVisualUnderspecified 14 WVSFMeaningCompEconomyUnderspecified 14 WVSFMeaningCompAttitudeSaliencePositive 14 WVSFMeaningCompAdequacyPositive 14 WVSFAgeUnderspecifiedPROT 13 WVSFPolarityNegativeESS 13 WVSFMeaningCompNormalcyPositive 13 WVSFMeaningCompMoralPositive 13 WVSFMeaningCompMoralNegative 13 WVSFAgeOldPROT 12 WVSFTemporaryNoESS 12 WVSFMeaningCompPoliticalUnderspecified 12 WVSFMeaningCompBehaviourUnderspecified 12 WVSFDurationPERSISTENTESS 12 WVSFDirectionOUTWARDPROT 12 WVSFDimension3ESS 11 WVSFTemporaryYesESS 11 WVSFMeaningCompSubstancePositive 11 WVSFMeaningCompNormalcyNegative 11 WVSFMeaningCompEffortNegative 11 WVSFMeaningCompDimensionNegative 11 WVSFMeaningCompComparisonPositive 11 WVSFMeaningCompComparisonNegative 11 WVSFMeaningCompCognitionPositive 11 WVSFDirectionUPESS 11 WVSFAspectTERMINATIVEESS 10 WVSFSFModalityfeatureExtrinsicESS 10 WVSFMeaningCompTemporalUnderspecified 10 WVSFMeaningCompNationalityUnderspecified 10 WVSFFormalityINFORMALESS 10 WVSFAgeUnderspecifiedESS 9 WVSFSpeedHIGHESS 9 WVSFSexUnderspecifiedESS 9 WVSFMeaningCompVisualPositive 9 WVSFMeaningCompShapeUnderspecified 9 WVSFMeaningCompReligionUnderspecified 9 WVSFMeaningCompEstheticPositive 9 WVSFMeaningCompComparisonUnderspecified 9 WVSFMeaningCompCognitionUnderspecified 9 WVSFAspectDURATIVEESS 8 WVSFStrengthUnderspecifiedESS 8 WVSFStateGasPROT 8 WVSFScalarMinusPROT 8 WVSFMeaningCompTemporalNegative 8 WVSFMeaningCompPerceptionPositive 8 WVSFMeaningCompConsistencyUnderspecified 8 WVSFAudiencePRIVATEESS 8 WVSFAspectITERATIVEESS 7 WVSFMeaningCompVisualNegative 7 WVSFMeaningCompSpeedPositive 7 WVSFMeaningCompSpaceDistributionNegative 7 WVSFMeaningCompPowerNegative 7 WVSFMeaningCompMovementPositive 7 WVSFMeaningCompIntelligencePositive 7 WVSFMeaningCompFrequencyPositive 7 WVSFMeaningCompDirectionUnderspecified 7 WVSFMeaningCompCompetencyPositive 7 WVSFDirectionINWARDPROT 6 WVSFVoice-QualityUnderspecifiedESS 6 WVSFSexUnderspecifiedPROT 6 WVSFReciprocalYesESS 6 WVSFPunctualYesPROT 6 WVSFMeaningCompSubstanceUnderspecified 6 WVSFMeaningCompStyleUnderspecified 6 WVSFMeaningCompPrecisionPositive 6 WVSFMeaningCompPerceptionUnderspecified 6 WVSFMeaningCompIntegrityPositive 6 WVSFMeaningCompConstitutionPositive 6 WVSFDirectionOUTWARDESS 6 WVSFDirectionFORWARDPROT 6 WVSFContactNoESS 6 WVSFAspectDURATIVEPROT 5 WVSFStrengthLOWESS 5 WVSFStateUnderspecifiedESS 5 WVSFStateGasESS 5 WVSFPossibleYesESS 5 WVSFPartitiveYesESS 5 WVSFMeaningCompSecurityNegative 5 WVSFMeaningCompPsychStateUnderspecified 5 WVSFMeaningCompLawPositive 5 WVSFMeaningCompLawNegative 5 WVSFMeaningCompDimensionUnderspecified 4 WVSFPunctualUnderspecifiedPROT 4 WVSFObligationWEAKESS 4 WVSFModalitytypeDeonticESS 4 WVSFMeaningCompWetnessPositive 4 WVSFMeaningCompStabilityPositive 4 WVSFMeaningCompSpaceUnderspecified 4 WVSFMeaningCompSetMembershipUnderspecified 4 WVSFMeaningCompQuantityUnderspecified 4 WVSFMeaningCompNormalcyUnderspecified 4 WVSFMeaningCompMilitaryPositive 4 WVSFMeaningCompLawUnderspecified 4 WVSFMeaningCompFunctionalityPositive 4 WVSFMeaningCompEconomyNegative 4 WVSFMeaningCompBodyUnderspecified 4 WVSFIterativeUnderspecifiedPROT 3 WVSFStateUnderspecifiedPROT 3 WVSFMeaningCompWetnessNegative 3 WVSFMeaningCompWeightPositive 3 WVSFMeaningCompTouchPositive 3 WVSFMeaningCompTemperatureNegative 3 WVSFMeaningCompTempDistributionUnderspecified 3 WVSFMeaningCompSubstanceNegative 3 WVSFMeaningCompSpeedNegative 3 WVSFMeaningCompSetMembershipPositive 3 WVSFMeaningCompPsychStateNegative 3 WVSFMeaningCompPossibilityPositive 3 WVSFMeaningCompPoliticalPositive 3 WVSFMeaningCompMilitaryUnderspecified 3 WVSFMeaningCompHearingUnderspecified 3 WVSFMeaningCompEffortPositive 3 WVSFMeaningCompEconomyPositive 3 WVSFMeaningCompBodilySensationNegative 3 WVSFMeaningCompAttitudeSalienceUnderspecified 3 WVSFMeaningCompAttitudeSalienceNegative 3 WVSFMannerNoESS 3 WVSFDimensionUnderspecifiedPROT 3 WVSFAudiencePrivateESS 2 WVSFVoice-QualityHIGHESS 2 WVSFScalarPlusPROT 2 WVSFReciprocalNoESS 2 WVSFPresupposedNoESS 2 WVSFMeaningCompTemporalPositive 2 WVSFMeaningCompTemperaturePositive 2 WVSFMeaningCompTastePositive 2 WVSFMeaningCompSpaceDistributionUnderspecified 2 WVSFMeaningCompSmellNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompShapePositive 2 WVSFMeaningCompShapeNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompSecurityPositive 2 WVSFMeaningCompPossibilityNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompLifeNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompIntelligenceNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompIllnessPositive 2 WVSFMeaningCompHearingPositive 2 WVSFMeaningCompHearingNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompGenderPositive 2 WVSFMeaningCompExperienceUnderspecified 2 WVSFMeaningCompDirectionNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompConstitutionUnderspecified 2 WVSFMeaningCompConstitutionNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompAdequacyNegative 2 WVSFMeaningCompActivenessPositive 2 WVSFDirectionInwardESS 2 WVSFDirectionBACKWARDPROT 2 WVSFDirectionBACKWARDESS 2 WVSFAgeUnderspecified 2 WVSFAffectednessNegativeESS 2 VSFMeaningCompSimilarityPositive 1 WVSFSyntacticTypePredPROT 1 WVSFSpeedLOWESS 1 WVSFPrivativeNoESS 1 WVSFPresuppositionUnderspecifiedPROT 1 WVSFPartitiveNoESS 1 WVSFMeaningCompWeightUnderspecified 1 WVSFMeaningCompWeightNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompTouchUnderspecified 1 WVSFMeaningCompTouchNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompTempDistributionNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompTasteUnderspecified 1 WVSFMeaningCompStylePositive 1 WVSFMeaningCompStyleNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompSpacePositive 1 WVSFMeaningCompSpaceDistributionPositive 1 WVSFMeaningCompSmellPositive 1 WVSFMeaningCompReligionPositive 1 WVSFMeaningCompPossessionUnderspecified 1 WVSFMeaningCompPossessionPositive 1 WVSFMeaningCompPoliticalNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompPlacePositive 1 WVSFMeaningCompPlaceNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompPerceptionNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompMovementUnderspecified 1 WVSFMeaningCompMovementNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompMilitaryNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompMaterialUnderspecified 1 WVSFMeaningCompIllnessNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompFrequencyNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompEstheticNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompCompetencyNegative 1 WVSFMeaningCompCleanlinessPositive 1 WVSFMeaningCompCleanlinessNegative 1 WVSFHabitatWaterESS 1 WVSFHabitatEarthESS 1 WVSFDirectionUPPESS 1 WVSFDirectionTOWARDESS 1 WVSFDirectionINWARDESS 1 WVSFDirectionForwardESS 1 WVSFContactUnderspecifiedESS 1 WVSFAttitudeFORPROT 1 WVSFAspectINCHOATIVEESS
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Relations |
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7747 SRIsa 3899 SREventtype 1289 SRResultingState 1022 SRUsedfor 973 SRCreatedby 693 SRIsapartof 588 SRAgentive 584 SRResultof 525 SRHasaspart 492 SRTelic 431 SRNominalization 428 SRAgentiveCause 427 SRInstrument 402 SRObjectoftheactivity 363 SRPurpose 361 SRMadeof 306 SRHasasmember 301 SRConcerns 288 SRIndirecttelic 275 SRResult 255 SRIsin 234 SRIsamemberof 159 SRPropertyof 154 SRNounadjective 128 SRAgentiveExperience 125 SRRelates 118 SRQuantifies 111 SRProducedby 111 SRIstheactivityof 104 SRContains 98 SRProcessverb 95 SRPertainsto 81 SRCausedby 70 SRMeasuredby 68 SRProduces 61 SRConstitutiveactivity 58 SRConstitutive 55 SRUsedas 51 SRAgentverb 41 SRRelatedto 38 SRIstheabilityof 33 SRLivesin 31 SRIsafollowerof 29 SRHasascolour 29 SRAgentiveprog 27 SRHasAsEffect 26 SRSuccessorof 25 SRSource 23 SRTypicalof 19 SRCauses 17 SREventverb 17 SRDerivational 12 SRUsedby 9 SRDerivedfrom 5 SRSuccessor 5 SRStateverb 4 SRIsthehabitof 2 SRUsedagainst
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4. Bibliography
Levin Beth (1993). English Verb Classes and Alternations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
Maajärvi Riitta, Kärki Eeva, Ojonen Sinimarja (1988). Yleinen suomalainen asiasanasto. Helsingin yliopiston kirjasto, Helsinki
Nykysuomen sanakirja (1992). WSOY, Porvoo.
Peters Ivonne, Peters Wim and Gaizauskas Robert (1999). The Representation of Adjectives in SIMPLE.
Suomen kielen perussanakirja (1990). Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja 55. Valtion painatuskeskus, Helsinki.
The Specification Group (1998). SIMPLE Work Package 2. Linguistic Specifications Deliverable D2.1.
VESA - Verkkosanasto (1999). Helsingin yliopiston kirjasto, Helsinki.