Acknowledging funding Adding information Agreeing Bringing the reader’s attention to a point Bringing the reader’s attention to a point & Exemplifying Comparing and contrasting Describing co-occurrence Describing materials & Describing procedures Describing materials and/or procedures Describing mechanisms Describing procedures Describing procedures & Describing materials Describing procedures & Refering to other parts of the text Describing qualities Drawing conclusions Drawing conclusions & Hedging Exemplifying and/or Specifying Expressing a change in quantity Expressing a condition Expressing addition Expressing agreement Expressing cause Expressing cause & effect Expressing cause & Expressing effect Expressing cause & probability Expressing certainty Expressing certainty & Describing qualities Expressing conditions Expressing conditions & Framing Expressing contrast Expressing effect Expressing exceptions Expressing general knowledge Expressing lack of certainty & Hedging Expressing lack of condition Expressing lack of effect on substances/processes Expressing lack of general knowledge Expressing lack of knowledge Expressing lack of probability & Hedging Expressing manner Expressing manner & similarity Expressing personal opinion Expressing possibility and probability Expressing possibility and probability & Hedging Expressing possibility and probability & Making a hypothesis Expressing quantities Expressing results Expressing results & comparing Expressing substitution Expressing the degree/extent of a process Expressing the point from which something can be developed Framing Hedging Indicating and limiting place Indicating and limiting time Indicating and limiting time and place Indicating place Introducing a concession Introducing a relation Introducing cause Introducing cause & Hedging Introducing examples Introducing topics and ideas Making a comparison Making a prediction Paraphrasing and clarifying Providing evidence & Justifying data Qualifying and validating data Quoting and reporting Referring back to general knowledge Referring to other parts of the text Referring to other parts of the text & Describing procedures Referring to previous studies Showing results Specifying & exemplifying Stating purpose