Differences in the formation of PPARalpha-RXR/acoPPRE complexes between responsive and nonresponsive

species upon fibrate administration.

Mol Pharmacol 2000 Jul;58(1):185-93

Rodriguez C, Noe V, Cabrero A, Ciudad CJ, Laguna JC

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is responsible for the hypolipidemic, peroxisome

proliferation and carcinogenic effects of fibrates. Rats and mice are responsive, but guinea pigs and primates are

resistant to the proliferative and carcinogenic effects of these drugs, but the hypolipidemic effect is still manifest. It

is not yet clear whether humans should be considered unresponsive, and there is concern about the long-term safety

of fibrates. We present molecular evidence for the reported resistance of human cells to peroxisome proliferation by

describing a deficient interaction of nuclear extracts from human cells with an acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO)-peroxisome

proliferator response element probe upon fibrate addition. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis showed that

ciprofibrate elicited a concentration-dependent increase in the binding of nuclear extracts from cells of rat (Morris)

and human (HepG2) origin to an ACO-peroxisome proliferator response element probe, although in HepG2 cells the

increase was of marginal statistical significance. In Morris cells, the increase was more marked than in HepG2 cells

(4-fold versus 1.5-fold at 0.2 mM ciprofibrate), and maximal binding was achieved earlier in Morris (30 min) than

in HepG2 cells (3 h). Morris cells responded to the addition of ciprofibrate by increasing the levels of ACO mRNA,

whereas HepG2 did not. The ratio between PPARbeta/PPARalpha mRNAs was higher in HepG2 cells than in

Morris cells (3.2 versus 1.9), pointing to an antagonizing effect of PPARbeta on PPARalpha activity. These results

were obtained in untransfected cells expressing their own basal set of receptors. We also provide evidence of the

translocation of PPARalpha from the cytosol to the nucleus upon activation by ciprofibrate.

PMID: 10860941