{"id":197,"date":"2021-01-09T12:58:35","date_gmt":"2021-01-09T10:58:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/?page_id=197"},"modified":"2021-02-09T17:04:45","modified_gmt":"2021-02-09T15:04:45","slug":"laser-additive-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/?page_id=197","title":{"rendered":"Laser additive manufacturing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-colibri-id=\"197-c1\" class=\"style-694 style-local-197-c1 position-relative\">\n  <!---->\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"197-c2\" id=\"content\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-695 style-local-197-c2 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c6\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-699 style-local-197-c6 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-700-outer style-local-197-c7-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c7\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-0 style-700 style-local-197-c7 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c8\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-701 style-local-197-c8 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-701 style-local-197-c8\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">The high-throughput and precise control of matter is key for the upcoming technological revolution<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c9\" class=\"h-lead h-text h-text-component style-702 style-local-197-c9 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p><span style=\"font-size: 15pt; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, serif; color: rgb(30, 31, 34);\">Lasers enable the direct deposition of controlled amounts of materials at predefined positions on a substrate. This represents a new fabrication method, called laser additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing, featuring unprecedented flexibility in terms of design and functionality of the obtained structures. Laser AM can be used in a myriad of applications, including the growing field of micro-optical components. <\/span><\/p>\n                    <p><strong style=\"font-size: 15pt; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, serif; color: rgb(30, 31, 34);\">We develop new fabrication platforms for producing functional structures at ease, high resolution and high throughput.<\/strong>\n                      <span\n                        style=\"font-size: 15pt; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, serif; color: rgb(30, 31, 34);\"> <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c3\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-696 style-local-197-c3 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-697-outer style-local-197-c4-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c4\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-697 style-local-197-c4 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c5\" class=\"d-block style-698 style-local-197-c5 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image_4-2019_08_21-11_42_33-UTC-600x600.jpg\" class=\"style-698-image style-local-197-c5-image\">\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-698-frameImage style-local-197-c5-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"197-c53\" id=\"features\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-730 style-local-197-c53 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c79\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-740 style-local-197-c79 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-741-outer style-local-197-c80-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c80\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-741 style-local-197-c80 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c81\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-742 style-local-197-c81 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-742 style-local-197-c81\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h2 class=\"\">Research highlights<\/h2>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c54\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-731 style-local-197-c54 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-6 h-col-12 style-732-outer style-local-197-c55-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c55\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-732 style-local-197-c55 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c56\" class=\"d-block style-733 style-local-197-c56 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lasercatapulting.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-2282 style-733-image style-local-197-c56-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lasercatapulting.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lasercatapulting-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/lasercatapulting-768x445.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-733-frameImage style-local-197-c56-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c57\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-734 style-local-197-c57 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-735-outer style-local-197-c58-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c58\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-735 style-local-197-c58 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c59\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-736 style-local-197-c59 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-736 style-local-197-c59\">\n                              <!---->\n                              <!---->\n                              <h4 class=\"\">Laser catapulting <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c60\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-737 style-local-197-c60 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"\">\n                              <p><span style=\"color: rgb(105, 108, 119); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Laser catapulting is a single-shot laser AM method that enables the rapid fabrication of microlenses with various geometries including circular, triangular, and rectangular. It is based on a two-step process: 1- disks are &#8220;catapulted&#8221; from a thin film of a positive photoresist to a receiving substrate; 2- a thermal reflow process converts the disks into microlenses. With this method, microlens arrays with an 100% fill factor have been fabricated.<\/span><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c61\" class=\"h-x-container style-738 style-local-197-c61 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-197-c61-group style-738-spacing style-local-197-c61-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-739-outer style-local-197-c62-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adom.201701190\"  data-colibri-id=\"197-c62\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-739 style-local-197-c62 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>read more<\/span>                    <span class=\"h-svg-icon h-link__icon style-739-icon style-local-197-c62-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"angle-double-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M145.5 108.5l168 168L325 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L279.5 288 123 131.5zm112 0l168 168L437 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L391.5 288 235 131.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-6 h-col-12 style-732-outer style-local-197-c63-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c63\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-732 style-local-197-c63 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c64\" class=\"d-block style-733 style-local-197-c64 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/am-2016-05385h_0004.gif\" class=\"wp-image-2297 style-733-image style-local-197-c64-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-733-frameImage style-local-197-c64-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c65\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-734 style-local-197-c65 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-735-outer style-local-197-c66-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c66\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-735 style-local-197-c66 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c67\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-736 style-local-197-c67 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-736 style-local-197-c67\">\n                              <!---->\n                              <!---->\n                              <h4 class=\"\">Laser-induced forward transfer<\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c68\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-737 style-local-197-c68 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"\">\n                              <p>LIFT is a laser AM technique that uses lasers to transfer material from a thin film onto a substrate. An air gap between film and substrate prevents potential contamination of the latter. Notably, since LIFT does not require\n                                a nozzle as other printing technique do (inkjet printing or fused deposition modeling), it can print a wide variety of materials ranging form liquids to metals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c69\" class=\"h-x-container style-738 style-local-197-c69 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-197-c69-group style-738-spacing style-local-197-c69-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-739-outer style-local-197-c70-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary-wiley-com.sire.ub.edu\/doi\/10.1002\/9783527805105.ch6\"  data-colibri-id=\"197-c70\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-739 style-local-197-c70 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>read more<\/span>                    <span class=\"h-svg-icon h-link__icon style-739-icon style-local-197-c70-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"angle-double-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M145.5 108.5l168 168L325 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L279.5 288 123 131.5zm112 0l168 168L437 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L391.5 288 235 131.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-6 h-col-12 style-732-outer style-local-197-c71-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c71\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-732 style-local-197-c71 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c72\" class=\"d-block style-733 style-local-197-c72 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shrink.png\" class=\"wp-image-2283 style-733-image style-local-197-c72-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shrink.png 458w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shrink-300x174.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-733-frameImage style-local-197-c72-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c73\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-734 style-local-197-c73 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-735-outer style-local-197-c74-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c74\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-735 style-local-197-c74 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c75\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-736 style-local-197-c75 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-736 style-local-197-c75\">\n                              <!---->\n                              <!---->\n                              <h4 class=\"\">Overcoming the limits of traditional laser fabrication systems<\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c76\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-737 style-local-197-c76 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"\">\n                              <p>We develop different strategies <span style=\"color: rgb(105, 108, 119); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">to overcome the current limits of laser processing regarding spatial resolution and throughput. They include: 1- using&nbsp;<\/span>engineered\n                                materials that can be reconfigured upon exposure to an external stimulus; 2- exploiting the spontaneous formation of droplet lenses on top of a surface.<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"197-c77\" class=\"h-x-container style-738 style-local-197-c77 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-197-c77-group style-738-spacing style-local-197-c77-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-739-outer style-local-197-c78-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0169433215025611\"  data-colibri-id=\"197-c78\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-739 style-local-197-c78 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>read more 1<\/span>                    <span class=\"h-svg-icon h-link__icon style-739-icon style-local-197-c78-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"angle-double-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M145.5 108.5l168 168L325 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L279.5 288 123 131.5zm112 0l168 168L437 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L391.5 288 235 131.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span><span class=\"h-link__outer style-745-outer style-local-197-c84-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep16199\"  data-colibri-id=\"197-c84\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-745 style-local-197-c84 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>read more 2<\/span>                    <span class=\"h-svg-icon h-link__icon style-745-icon style-local-197-c84-icon\"><!--Icon by Font Awesome (https:\/\/fontawesome.com)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"angle-double-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1024 1896.0833\"><path d=\"M595 960q0 13-10 23l-466 466q-10 10-23 10t-23-10l-50-50q-10-10-10-23t10-23l393-393L23 567q-10-10-10-23t10-23l50-50q10-10 23-10t23 10l466 466q10 10 10 23zm384 0q0 13-10 23l-466 466q-10 10-23 10t-23-10l-50-50q-10-10-10-23t10-23l393-393-393-393q-10-10-10-23t10-23l50-50q10-10 23-10t23 10l466 466q10 10 10 23z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The high-throughput and precise control of matter is key for the upcoming technological revolution Lasers enable the direct deposition of controlled amounts of materials at predefined positions on a substrate. This represents a new fabrication method, called laser additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing, featuring unprecedented flexibility in terms of design and functionality of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-197","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=197"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2306,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197\/revisions\/2306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}