{"id":199,"date":"2021-01-09T12:59:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-09T10:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/?page_id=199"},"modified":"2023-11-29T17:26:15","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T15:26:15","slug":"fast-volumetric-imaging","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/?page_id=199","title":{"rendered":"Fast volumetric imaging"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-colibri-id=\"199-c1\" class=\"style-662 style-local-199-c1 position-relative\">\n  <!---->\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"199-c2\" id=\"content\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-663 style-local-199-c2 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c6\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-667 style-local-199-c6 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-668-outer style-local-199-c7-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c7\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-0 style-668 style-local-199-c7 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c8\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-669 style-local-199-c8 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-669 style-local-199-c8\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">One of the fundamental quests in science is to maximize the three-dimensional spatiotemporal information retrieved from a sample.<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c9\" class=\"h-lead h-text h-text-component style-670 style-local-199-c9 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Optical microscopes are the tool-of-choice to study highly dynamic events at sub-cellular resolution in areas as relevant as flow cytometry or neuroscience. However, current three-dimensional (3D) microscopy architectures offer an\n                      inherent tradeoff between spatial resolution, volume imaged, and time required to acquire a frame. As a result, several biological processes, including neuronal communication, protein aggregation, or virus trafficking, are currently\n                      studied with sub-optimal tools that lack the speed or spatial resolution to fully characterize these key events. Simply put, the absence of faster 3D imaging technologies impedes gaining a full understanding of how brain function,\n                      virus diffusion or other fast phenomena occur, and consequently, imposes a heavy burden on the development of therapeutic pathways to treat neurodegenerative diseases or advanced vaccines.&nbsp;\n                      <br>\n                      <br>We make efforts to address this issue by developing<strong> 3D&nbsp;microscopes that feature unprecedented imaging speeds<\/strong><\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c3\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-664 style-local-199-c3 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-665-outer style-local-199-c4-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c4\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-665 style-local-199-c4 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c5\" class=\"d-block style-666 style-local-199-c5 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/cropped-Figure-2-01-2019_08_21-11_42_33-UTC-scaled-e1612625690798-600x600.jpg\" class=\"style-666-image style-local-199-c5-image\">\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-666-frameImage style-local-199-c5-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"199-c10\" id=\"features\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-755 style-local-199-c10 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c36\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-765 style-local-199-c36 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-766-outer style-local-199-c37-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c37\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-766 style-local-199-c37 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c38\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-767 style-local-199-c38 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-767 style-local-199-c38\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h2 class=\"\">Research highlights<\/h2>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c11\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-756 style-local-199-c11 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-6 h-col-12 style-336-outer style-local-199-c12-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c12\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-336 style-local-199-c12 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c13\" class=\"d-block style-861 style-local-199-c13 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1140\" height=\"546\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/nature.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-2017 style-861-image style-local-199-c13-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/nature.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/nature-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/nature-1024x490.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/nature-768x368.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-861-frameImage style-local-199-c13-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c14\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-759 style-local-199-c14 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-339-outer style-local-199-c15-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c15\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-339 style-local-199-c15 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c16\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-761 style-local-199-c16 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-761 style-local-199-c16\">\n                              <!---->\n                              <!---->\n                              <h4 class=\"\">Variable optical elements for fast focus control<\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c17\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-762 style-local-199-c17 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"\">\n                              <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; color: rgb(105, 108, 119);\">New review paper published in Nature Photonics! In this Review, we survey recent developments in the emerging field of high-speed variable z-focus optical elements, which are driving important innovations in advanced imaging and materials&nbsp;processing applications. Three-dimensional biomedical imaging, high-throughput industrial inspection, advanced spectroscopies, and other optical characterization and materials modification methods have made great strides forward in recent years due to precise and rapid axial control of light. Three state-of-the-art key optical technologies that enable fast z-focus modulation are reviewed, along with a discussion of the implications of the new developments in variable optical elements and their impact on technologically relevant applications.<\/span><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c18\" class=\"h-x-container style-763 style-local-199-c18 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-199-c18-group style-763-spacing style-local-199-c18-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-764-outer style-local-199-c19-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"\"  data-colibri-id=\"199-c19\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-764 style-local-199-c19 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>read more<\/span>                    <span class=\"h-svg-icon h-link__icon style-764-icon style-local-199-c19-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"angle-double-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M145.5 108.5l168 168L325 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L279.5 288 123 131.5zm112 0l168 168L437 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L391.5 288 235 131.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-6 h-col-12 style-336-outer style-local-199-c39-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c39\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-336 style-local-199-c39 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c40\" class=\"d-block style-844 style-local-199-c40 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/polen-2019_08_21-11_42_33-UTC.gif\" class=\"wp-image-149 style-844-image style-local-199-c40-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-844-frameImage style-local-199-c40-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c41\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-759 style-local-199-c41 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-339-outer style-local-199-c42-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c42\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-339 style-local-199-c42 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c43\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-761 style-local-199-c43 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-761 style-local-199-c43\">\n                              <!---->\n                              <!---->\n                              <h4 class=\"\">Volumetric Lissajous confocal microscopy with tunable spatio-temporal resolution<\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c44\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-762 style-local-199-c44 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"\">\n                              <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; color: rgb(105, 108, 119);\">New paper published in Biomedical Optics Express. Here, we developed volumetric Lissajous confocal microscopy to achieve unsurpassed 3D scanning speed with a tunable sampling rate. The system combines an acoustic liquid lens for fast focus translation with a resonant scanning mirror. Accordingly, the excitation&nbsp;beam follows a dynamic Lissajous trajectory enabling sub-millisecond acquisitions of image series containing 3D information at a sub-Nyquist sampling rate. By temporal accumulation and\/or advanced interpolation algorithms, the volumetric imaging rate is selectable using a post-processing step at a desired spatiotemporal resolution. We demonstrate multicolor and calcium imaging over volumes of tens of cubic microns with 3D acquisitions speeds of 30 Hz and frame rates up to 5 kHz.<\/span><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c45\" class=\"h-x-container style-763 style-local-199-c45 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-199-c45-group style-763-spacing style-local-199-c45-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-764-outer style-local-199-c46-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osapublishing.org\/boe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-11-11-6293&amp;id=441078#Abstract\"  data-colibri-id=\"199-c46\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-764 style-local-199-c46 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>read more<\/span>                    <span class=\"h-svg-icon h-link__icon style-764-icon style-local-199-c46-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"angle-double-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M145.5 108.5l168 168L325 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L279.5 288 123 131.5zm112 0l168 168L437 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L391.5 288 235 131.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-6 h-col-12 style-336-outer style-local-199-c20-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c20\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-336 style-local-199-c20 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c21\" class=\"d-block style-337 style-local-199-c21 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"262\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fig1-new2-e1610200186793.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-223 style-337-image style-local-199-c21-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-337-frameImage style-local-199-c21-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c22\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-759 style-local-199-c22 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-339-outer style-local-199-c23-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c23\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-339 style-local-199-c23 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c24\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-761 style-local-199-c24 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-761 style-local-199-c24\">\n                              <!---->\n                              <!---->\n                              <h4 class=\"\">Acousto-optic systems for advanced microscopy<\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c25\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-762 style-local-199-c25 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"\">\n                              <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; color: rgb(105, 108, 119);\">New paper published in Journal of Physics Photonics. In this article we review the operational principles, optical properties, and recent applications of acousto-optic systems for advanced microscopy, including random-access scanning, ultrafast confocal and multiphoton imaging, and fast inertia-free light-sheet microscopy.<\/span><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c26\" class=\"h-x-container style-763 style-local-199-c26 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-199-c26-group style-763-spacing style-local-199-c26-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-764-outer style-local-199-c27-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2515-7647\/abc23c\/meta\"  data-colibri-id=\"199-c27\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-764 style-local-199-c27 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>read more<\/span>                    <span class=\"h-svg-icon h-link__icon style-764-icon style-local-199-c27-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"angle-double-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M145.5 108.5l168 168L325 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L279.5 288 123 131.5zm112 0l168 168L437 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L391.5 288 235 131.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-6 h-col-12 style-336-outer style-local-199-c28-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c28\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-336 style-local-199-c28 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c29\" class=\"d-block style-337 style-local-199-c29 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1416\" height=\"1037\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/mixing.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-2319 style-337-image style-local-199-c29-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/mixing.jpg 1416w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/mixing-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/mixing-1024x750.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/mixing-768x562.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1416px) 100vw, 1416px\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-337-frameImage style-local-199-c29-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c30\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-759 style-local-199-c30 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-339-outer style-local-199-c31-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c31\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-339 style-local-199-c31 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c32\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-761 style-local-199-c32 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-761 style-local-199-c32\">\n                              <!---->\n                              <!---->\n                              <h4 class=\"\">&nbsp;Micromixing with spark-generated cavitation bubbles<\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c33\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-762 style-local-199-c33 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"\">\n                              <p>Micromixing or the ability to mix fluids within one microchannel is one of the central issues in microfluidics. In this paper, developed a novel approach to address this issue. Our idea is based on using cavitation bubbles\n                                generated with an electrical spark. The collapse of the so-generated bubbles induce turbulence, thus allowing controlled mixing at microsecond time scales.<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"199-c34\" class=\"h-x-container style-763 style-local-199-c34 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-199-c34-group style-763-spacing style-local-199-c34-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-764-outer style-local-199-c35-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10404-017-1917-4\"  data-colibri-id=\"199-c35\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-764 style-local-199-c35 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>read more<\/span>                    <span class=\"h-svg-icon h-link__icon style-764-icon style-local-199-c35-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"angle-double-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M145.5 108.5l168 168L325 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L279.5 288 123 131.5zm112 0l168 168L437 288l-11.5 11.5-168 168-22.5-23L391.5 288 235 131.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the fundamental quests in science is to maximize the three-dimensional spatiotemporal information retrieved from a sample. Optical microscopes are the tool-of-choice to study highly dynamic events at sub-cellular resolution in areas as relevant as flow cytometry or neuroscience. However, current three-dimensional (3D) microscopy architectures offer an inherent tradeoff between spatial resolution, volume imaged, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-199","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=199"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3154,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/199\/revisions\/3154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/dlight\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}