{"id":1596,"date":"2025-06-28T12:36:44","date_gmt":"2025-06-28T10:36:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/twister\/"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:55:37","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:55:37","slug":"prod2023-twister","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/en\/prod2023-twister\/","title":{"rendered":"PROD2023 TWISTER"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”TWISTER” subhead=”Prototype of TWISTocaloric cooling with Energy Recovery based on natural rubber” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”|700|||||||” title_font_size=”60px” subhead_font=”|300|||||||” subhead_font_size=”60px” subhead_line_height=”1.1em” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_type=”circular” background_color_gradient_direction_radial=”top left” background_color_gradient_stops=”rgba(11,84,105,0.73) 0%|rgba(51,18,35,0.69) 32%|rgba(163,140,98,0.69) 56%|rgba(5,154,178,0.66) 87%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/foto-twister-capcalera-retoc.jpg” background_position=”top_center” min_height=”50vh” custom_padding=”15vh||15vh||false|false” custom_css_header_container=”||” custom_css_title=”max-width:40%;” custom_css_subtitle=”max-width:70%;” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_css_header_container_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_css_title_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_css_title_tablet=”max-width:80%;” custom_css_title_phone=”max-width:100%;” custom_css_header_container_tablet=”||” custom_css_header_container_phone=”||”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” module_class=”destacat” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ text_font=”|300|||||||” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”] Cooling and heating is a basic necessity, but their regular \u2014and constantly increasing\u2014 operation has a very high environmental cost: the global warming of the planet. <\/strong><\/p>\n

This is why the EU has imposed strict regulations [EU Regulation No. 517\/2014], to phase out the use of fluorinated gases, which cause the greenhouse effect.<\/p>\n

Hence, the problem of keeping our planet cool without increasing greenhouse gas emissions poses a stimulating challenge to scientists.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|80px||80px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|80px||80px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|80px||80px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bombeta-ico.svg” image_icon_width=”180px” module_class=”fons_color1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Nearly 70% of the world’s energy consumption is devoted to heating and cooling. <\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/industria-ico.svg” image_icon_width=”180px” module_class=”fons_color2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The dependence on fossil fuel sources is very high in heating technologies. <\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/planeta-ico.svg” image_icon_width=”180px” module_class=”fons_color3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Cooling equipment uses gases with a high global warming potential (GWP). <\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_direction=”90deg” background_color_gradient_stops=”rgba(188,134,27,0.44) 0%|rgba(64,127,137,0.41) 99%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/elastocool-img-2.webp” background_position=”top_center” min_height=”45vh” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_direction=”-90deg” background_color_gradient_stops=”rgba(188,134,27,0.19) 0%|rgba(64,127,137,0.24) 97%” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”lletra_gran” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]Many alternatives to current refrigeration technology, which uses environmentally harmful gases, are being investigated. However, none of them has achieved sufficient maturity to enter the market.<\/p>\n

Research into materials for elastocaloric (EC) cooling materials \u2014which include metal alloys, polymers, etc.\u2014 shows that they can absorb and release heat when subjected to cyclic mechanical stresses. <\/p>\n

EC materials have advantages over alternatives based on elastocaloric or magnetocaloric effects, as it is much easier to apply a mechanical stress than a large magnetic or electric field.<\/p>\n

Natural rubber has been revealed as a potentially disruptive solid-state refrigerant. This material exhibits exceptional elastocaloric performance. <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”titular” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”] The objective of the TWISTER project is to continue research into the design of a new gas-free cooling and heating technology based on natural rubber refrigerants. <\/em>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_direction=”-90deg” background_color_gradient_stops=”rgba(188,134,27,0.44) 0%|rgba(64,127,137,0.41) 99%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/foto-twister-capcalera2-retoc.jpg” min_height=”45vh” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”lletra_gran” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” link_font=”||||on||||” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

During the development of our previous Seed project (2021 LLAV 00080<\/a>), it has been discovered that elastocaloric effects are significantly amplified under torsion instead of uniaxial tension, giving rise to the so-called twistocaloric<\/strong> effect.<\/p>\n

The purpose of the TWISTER project is to develop the first prototype of twistocaloric refrigeration with natural rubber refrigerants. <\/strong><\/p>\n

This prototype is an improved version of our latest natural rubber-based elastocaloric device, which is currently operating in a laboratory environment.<\/p>\n

Our new prototype incorporates coolant torsion and combines both uniaxial stretching and torsion to maximize cooling power and cool a closed water (or alternative liquid) circuit. In addition, it uses an energy recovery system.<\/p>\n

We have applied for a European patent EP25382371 (April 9, 2025).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_direction=”-90deg” background_color_gradient_stops=”rgba(188,134,27,0.44) 0%|rgba(64,127,137,0.41) 99%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/foto-twister-contingut-retoc.jpg” background_position=”bottom_center” min_height=”45vh” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”titular” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#BC861B” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”] The TWISTER project aims to take advantage of the elongation properties of rubber to create an innovative, cost-effective and simplified heat exchanger design for more efficient cooling, and applicable to small device design. <\/em>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” custom_margin=”-150px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|80px||80px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|80px||80px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|80px||80px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/planeta-ico.svg” image_icon_width=”180px” module_class=”fons_color1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

TWISTER is a clean solution based on rubber, a natural material that does not release gases into the atmosphere. <\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/reciclatge-ico.svg” image_icon_width=”180px” module_class=”fons_color2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The use of rubber in TWISTER favors the circular economy, minimizing waste generation. <\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/diners-ico.svg” image_icon_width=”180px” module_class=”fons_color3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

TWISTER increases cooling efficiency thanks to the energy recovery mechanism. <\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”titular” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”] TWISTER is an R&D proposal designed for leading companies that want to position themselves at the forefront of the transition to more sustainable cooling and heating systems, integrating innovation and environmental responsibility into their business model. <\/em>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”800px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” border_width_top=”1px” border_color_top=”#BC861B” border_width_bottom=”1px” border_color_bottom=”#BC861B” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”lletra_gran” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]If you are interested in finding out more about TWISTER
\nproject and its application, please send an email to
\nfunctionalmaterials@ub.edu<\/a><\/strong>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjI0NiJ9fQ==@” button_text=”Contact information” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”button_url” _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_class=”membres_equip” _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”titular” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Project team <\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_5,1_5,1_5,1_5,1_5″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_team_member name=”Eduard Vives Santa-Eulalia” position=”Coordinator” image_url=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2023-eduard-vives-23318-S.jpg” module_class=”color1″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_team_member][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_team_member name=”Enric Stern Taulats” position=”Entrepreneurial Scientist” image_url=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2023-enric-stern-23318-S.jpg” module_class=”color2″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_team_member][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_team_member name=”Emma Vald\u00e9s Mart\u00edn” position=”Researcher” image_url=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2023-emma-valdes-23318-S.jpg” module_class=”color3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_team_member][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_team_member name=”Toni Vives Cabaleiro” position=”Engineer” image_url=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/toni-vives-foto.jpg” module_class=”color4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_team_member][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_team_member name=”K\u00fcbra G\u00fcrpinar” position=”Researcher” image_url=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2023-kubra-gurpinar-23318-S.jpg” module_class=”color4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_team_member][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”titular” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Collaborations <\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_class=”ratlla_inferior” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Nicolas Candau (e-Plascom – UPC)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_direction=”-90deg” background_color_gradient_stops=”rgba(188,134,27,0.19) 0%|rgba(64,127,137,0.24) 97%” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”titular” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Featured Publications <\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_class=”lletra_gran” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Emma Vald\u00e9s, Enric Stern-Taulats,\u00a0Nicolas Candau, Llu\u00efs Ma\u00f1osa, Eduard Vives. <\/i>Enhancement of the Elastocaloric\u00a0Performance of Natural Rubber by\u00a0Forced Air Convection.
\n<\/i>Polymers 16<\/b>, 3078 (2024)
\nhttps:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/16\/21\/3078<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Nicolas Candau, Adele Zimmy, Eduard Vives, Maria Llu\u00efsa Maspoch Elastocaloric Waste\/Natural Rubber Materials with Various Crosslink Densities<\/i>
\nPolymers 15<\/b>, 2566 (2023)
\nhttps:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/11\/2566<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”titular” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]With the support of:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_orientation=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”]Project 2023 PROD 00071 financed by:[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row module_class=”logos” _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” border_width_top=”2px” border_color_top=”#BC861B” border_width_bottom=”2px” border_color_bottom=”#BC861B” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/generalitat-catalunya-departament-recerca-universitats-logo.png” title_text=”generalitat-catalunya-departament-recerca-universitats-logo” _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”400px” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/agencia-ajuts-universitaris-i-recerca-logo.png” title_text=”agencia-ajuts-universitaris-i-recerca-logo” _builder_version=”4.20.0″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”400px” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bosch-i-gimpera-logo.jpg” title_text=”bosch-i-gimpera-logo” _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”400px” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cooling and heating is a basic necessity, but their regular \u2014and constantly increasing\u2014 operation has a very high environmental cost: the global warming of the planet. This is why the EU has imposed strict regulations [EU Regulation No. 517\/2014], to phase out the use of fluorinated gases, which cause the greenhouse effect. Hence, the problem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1596","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPROD2023 TWISTER - Functional Materials and Phase Transitions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/functionalmaterials\/en\/prod2023-twister\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PROD2023 TWISTER - Functional Materials and Phase Transitions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cooling and heating is a basic necessity, but their regular \u2014and constantly increasing\u2014 operation has a very high environmental cost: the global warming of the planet. 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