Describing procedures

  as a function of
in the absence and presence of
in the absence or presence of
analysis was performed
results are expressed as
results are expressed as the percentage of
as part of
as determined by
in the presence of
the presence of
in the absence or presence of
in the presence or absence of
By the addition of
carried out as described
prepared as described
Without the addition of
in accordance with
as a control for
as described by
assays were carried out
assays were carried out as described
assays were carried out using
were as follows
performed as described
performed as described previously
prepared as described
data not shown
results not shown
in place
followed by