 
{"id":2525,"date":"2023-02-14T15:32:52","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T14:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ub.edu\/ibub\/?p=2525"},"modified":"2023-02-14T15:32:55","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T14:32:55","slug":"new-key-molecular-mechanism-identified-for-planarian-regeneration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/ibub\/new-key-molecular-mechanism-identified-for-planarian-regeneration\/","title":{"rendered":"New key molecular mechanism identified for planarian regeneration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Planaria are freshwater flatworms that have become a key model for  studying regeneration and stem cells, as they can regenerate any part  of the body, even the head. But how does the animal know what part of  its body is missing and what kind of tissue it needs to regenerate?  Researchers from the Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics of the University of Barcelona and the Institute of Biomedicine of the UB (IBUB)  have studied the regeneration process of these animals and have  identified how the modulation of the intercellular signalling pathway  Wnt modifies chromatin, the set of genetic material that cells own in  the cell nucleus. A few hours after an amputation, this mechanism lets  the wound stem cells know the fate of the new tissue.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study, published in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-35937-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Nature Communications<\/em><\/a>,\n involves researchers from the Andalusian Centre for Developmental \nBiology (CABD), the Pablo de Olavide University in Seville and the \nUniversity of East Anglia (Norwich, England).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Genomic study <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The incredible plasticity of planarians occurs due to the presence of\n a population of pluripotent adult stem cells, the neoblasts, which are \ncapable of reproducing any type of cell in the organism. Right after an \namputation, when new tissue has to be regenerated, there is a window of \ntime in which everything is possible for these pluripotent cells, and \ndepending on the signal the cells receive where the cut has taken place,\n the destination of destination of these cells is decided. One of the \nfirst steps in this process is to specify the body axis, such as the \nanteroposterior axis, which defines the position of the head and tail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand how this phenomenon occurs, researchers have carried  out a genomic study of the cells located near the wound that takes place  after the amputation of the head and tail. Using ATAC-seq and Chip-seq  techniques, the researchers were able to analyse the regions of the  genome that are accessible or inaccessible in these tissues at a given  time, in this case, twelve hours after amputation. &#8220;Only open regions  are accessible to transcription factors, which are responsible for the  expression of genes. Therefore, these studies allow us to know which set  of genes is activated in wound cells twelve hours after the cut, and if  they are different between the anterior and posterior part of the  planaria&#8221;, says Teresa Adell, lecturer at the Faculty of Biology and  coordinator of the research study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Inhibition or activation of the Wnt pathway to regenerate the head or the tail<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The results reveal that twelve hours after the amputation, chromatin \n\u2014the collection of genetic material that cells have within the nucleus\u2014 \nchanges the conformation depending on whether cells near the wound \ndetect that they need to regenerate a head or a tail. Moreover, they \nshow that the change in chromatin composition, which regulates the \ncell&#8217;s gene expression, depends on whether a cell signalling pathway \n\u2014the Wnt pathway\u2014 is activated. &#8220;If the head is needed, the Wnt pathway \nis inhibited; if the tail is needed, it is activated. Moreover, this \nchange in chromatin composition occurs twelve hours after cutting; new \ntissue has not yet been made, but the cells already know what course to \nfollow&#8221;, the researcher points out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Similarities and differences to other organisms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding this regeneration in planarians is important for \nunderstanding this process in other organisms, since the molecular \nmechanisms that allow the correct regeneration of organs and tissues are\n evolutionarily conserved, i.e. they are very similar in all animals. In\n this sense, previous studies had already shown that the regulation of \nthe Wnt pathway is responsible for specifying the anteroposterior axis \nin many organisms \u2014including mammals\u2014 during the embryonic development \nand also in adult animals\u2019 regeneration. &#8220;Our study reveals the \nmechanism by which this is so in planarians, but also in other animals: \nthe Wnt pathway specifies which genes are expressed and, therefore, the \ncell destination, since they regulate chromatin conformation from the \nfirst moment of regeneration&#8221;, notes Teresa Adell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, the findings of the study also highlight the differences \nwith other animals. &#8220;Our study validates the idea that organisms as \nplastic as planarians have highly active intercellular signalling \npathways, as if they were embryos, which means that any change of \ncontext can change the fate of the cells. This is unlike in mammals, for\n example, where cell plasticity is much more restricted&#8221;, says the \nresearcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risks of cell reprogramming<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of humans and the possible future biomedical impact of \nthis basic research, the researcher stresses that the implications &#8220;are \nnot direct, but of concept&#8221;: &#8220;In this study, we show that regenerative \ncapacity is linked to the ability of cells to reprogram themselves to \nchange their destiny. Therefore, one strategy to improve the \nregenerative capacity of humans could be to provoke cell reprogramming&#8221;,\n says Teresa Adell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In any case, the researcher is cautious about this strategy and warns\n that it could have undesirable effects, such as tumour transformation. \n&#8220;In animal models that do regenerate, it has been shown that the signals\n that must be activated to regenerate, such as the Wnt pathway, are also\n those that promote tumour processes when they are activated \nincorrectly. As it is often the case, nothing is absolutely good or bad,\n it depends on the context in which we find ourselves&#8221;, she concludes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Open access data<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All the results of the genomic analyses carried out during the study \nhave been integrated into the PlanExp open-access platform, with the aim\n of sharing the information and facilitating the analysis of the data \nfor the scientific community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reference article: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coronel-C\u00f3rdoba, P.; Silvia  Magri, M.; N. Wheeler, G.; G\u00f3mez-Skarmeta, J.L.; F. Abril, J.; Sal\u00f3, E. I  Adell, T. \u00abWnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling is required for pole-specific  chromatin remodeling during planarian regeneration\u00bb <em>Nature Communications<\/em>, January 2023. DOI: 10.1038\/s41467-023-35937-y<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/web\/ub\/en\/menu_eines\/noticies\/2023\/02\/022.html\">UB News<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Planaria are freshwater flatworms that have become a key model for studying regeneration and stem cells, as they can regenerate any part of the body, even the head. But how does the animal know what part of its body is missing and what kind of tissue it needs to regenerate? Researchers from the Department of &#8230; <a title=\"New key molecular mechanism identified for planarian regeneration\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/ibub\/new-key-molecular-mechanism-identified-for-planarian-regeneration\/\" aria-label=\"More on New key molecular mechanism identified for planarian regeneration\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1589,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>New key molecular mechanism identified for planarian regeneration - IBUB - Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/ibub\/new-key-molecular-mechanism-identified-for-planarian-regeneration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New key molecular mechanism identified for planarian regeneration - IBUB - Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Planaria are freshwater flatworms that have become a key model for studying regeneration and stem cells, as they can regenerate any part of the body, even the head. But how does the animal know what part of its body is missing and what kind of tissue it needs to regenerate? Researchers from the Department of ... 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