{"id":3043,"date":"2022-06-17T08:53:47","date_gmt":"2022-06-17T08:53:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/?page_id=3043"},"modified":"2025-07-21T17:32:37","modified_gmt":"2025-07-21T17:32:37","slug":"north-african-production-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/north-african-production-2\/","title":{"rendered":"North African production"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3043\" class=\"elementor elementor-3043\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-633abc75 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"633abc75\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6aa8e145\" data-id=\"6aa8e145\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5165103a elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"5165103a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper center   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Eastern Mediterranean production<\/h2><div class=\"ekit_heading_separetor_wraper ekit_heading_elementskit-border-divider elementskit-style-long\"><div class=\"elementskit-border-divider elementskit-style-long\"><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"ekit-heading--subtitle elementskit-section-subtitle  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRACA-Med: Organic Residues Analyses\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Cilician Agora G 198 amphorae<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa58663 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa58663\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75b8413\" data-id=\"75b8413\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bde70f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bde70f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 26-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FAUTORES_Racamed_Poster.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"FAUTORES_Racamed_Poster\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU2MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51Yi5lZHVcL3JhY2FtZWRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA5XC9GQVVUT1JFU19SYWNhbWVkX1Bvc3Rlci5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FAUTORES_Racamed_Poster-725x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3561\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FAUTORES_Racamed_Poster-725x1024.jpg 725w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FAUTORES_Racamed_Poster-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FAUTORES_Racamed_Poster-768x1085.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FAUTORES_Racamed_Poster-1087x1536.jpg 1087w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FAUTORES_Racamed_Poster.jpg 1416w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3f044a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c3f044a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2_Agora-G-198.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"2_Agora G 198\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mzc0MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51Yi5lZHVcL3JhY2FtZWRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC8yX0Fnb3JhLUctMTk4LmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"561\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2_Agora-G-198-1024x561.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3742\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2_Agora-G-198-1024x561.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2_Agora-G-198-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2_Agora-G-198-768x421.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2_Agora-G-198.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Agora G 198 amphorae in the Pompeii stores<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d894f91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d894f91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1_Africane-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3741\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1_Africane-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1_Africane-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1_Africane-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1_Africane.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Agora G 198 amphorae in the Pompeii stores<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b6bf86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2b6bf86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/11a_G198_25995_1-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"11a_G198_25995_1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mzc0NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51Yi5lZHVcL3JhY2FtZWRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC8xMWFfRzE5OF8yNTk5NV8xLXNjYWxlZC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"154\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/11a_G198_25995_1-154x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-3747\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/11a_G198_25995_1-154x300.jpg 154w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/11a_G198_25995_1-527x1024.jpg 527w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/11a_G198_25995_1-768x1492.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/11a_G198_25995_1-791x1536.jpg 791w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/11a_G198_25995_1-1055x2048.jpg 1055w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/11a_G198_25995_1-scaled.jpg 1318w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 154px) 100vw, 154px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Pompeii: Sampled Agora G 198 amphora, front and detail of handles<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e40d6bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e40d6bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/12b_G198_25995_2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"12b_G198_25995_2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mzc0OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51Yi5lZHVcL3JhY2FtZWRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC8xMmJfRzE5OF8yNTk5NV8yLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/12b_G198_25995_2-225x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-3748\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/12b_G198_25995_2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/12b_G198_25995_2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/12b_G198_25995_2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/12b_G198_25995_2.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Pompeii: Sampled Agora G 198 amphora, front and detail of handles<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b484d\" data-id=\"23b484d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f35df5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f35df5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 26-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>The large number of examples of so-called \u2018pseudo-Koan\u2019 Agora G 198 amphorae in the Pompeii stores has provided the opportunity to investigate the contents of this early Imperial type. Its relatively wide body, short solid toe (atypical of a fish amphora in the West) and unusual \u2018horned\u2019 long bifid handles have been taken to indicate a mixed, wine-based content (Empereur and Picon 1989-Collection de l\u2019\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise de Rome 114, 223-248; Reynolds 2005-LRCW 1, 564-565, Plate 1; Reynolds 2021, 310-311). The Agora M 54 type is a similar, later form. The fabrics and survey evidence point to several production sites in eastern Cilicia.<\/p><p>Narrower-bodied, good copies of Koan wine amphorae were produced in the same region (possibly same workshops as Agora G 198). The wider body of G 198 must therefore indicate a special food conserved in wine (garum? olives? fruit?) and it was hoped that the analysis of a large number of examples would provide some answers.<\/p><p>For fish in wine, one is reminded of the large Pontic, Crimean amphora Zeest 75 (Opai\u0163 2021, 366-368, figs. 9-11). Their large body, wide neck and bifid handles, as well as place of manufacture (some are associated with the extensive cetariae of Pantikapeion) suggest they carried not only fish, perhaps large cuts, combined with wine (Reynolds 2021).<\/p><p>The mixing of wine and fish may have been detected by Notarstefano and Lettieri (2021, 136-137) with respect to the samples of their Group 1 amphorae analysed from the Nuovo Mercato di Traiano (Rome), which included Lusitanian (samples 3-6; 8: with fish bones) and Tripolitanian amphorae (sample 7: with fish bones).<\/p><p>For samples of amphorae in their Group 3 (samples 16-21), which apparently included Agora M 54 and possibly an early LRA 2, olive oil was suggested: Agora M 54 (base, NMT 1815: sample 16; wall, NMT 1739: sample 17; wall, NMT 1397: sample 18) and Riley-Benghazi fig. 203, which is a strange attribution (the type piece is a cupped rim with a pinched top) (base, NMT 3072: sample 19; wall, NMT 3072: sample 20) and Riley 203 similis (wall, NMT 374: sample 21). Riley 203 may be a late Haltern 70, Knossos 15 (a variant of Dr 24), or a proto LRA 2 like those found in the Testaccio and in Aquileia (Reynolds 2021, fig. 23d).<\/p><p>As part of the RACA-Med project, ten vessels of Agora G 198 were sampled. As expected, there were wine residues and these were combined with other vegetal and animal substances. Further work and experimentation is underway to clarify the nature of these non-wine products.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a72f5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a72f5d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22ab27\" data-id=\"c22ab27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a31b0d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a31b0d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Empereur-Picon1989fig8-AgoraM54_G198-possible_production_sites-1024x484.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3609\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Empereur-Picon1989fig8-AgoraM54_G198-possible_production_sites-1024x484.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Empereur-Picon1989fig8-AgoraM54_G198-possible_production_sites-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Empereur-Picon1989fig8-AgoraM54_G198-possible_production_sites-768x363.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Empereur-Picon1989fig8-AgoraM54_G198-possible_production_sites-1536x727.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Empereur-Picon1989fig8-AgoraM54_G198-possible_production_sites.jpg 1837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca6ec55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca6ec55\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-08a647e\" data-id=\"08a647e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e9526c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8e9526c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1017\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Agora_G_198_-Agora_M_54-1024x1017.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3639\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Agora_G_198_-Agora_M_54-1024x1017.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Agora_G_198_-Agora_M_54-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Agora_G_198_-Agora_M_54-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Agora_G_198_-Agora_M_54-768x763.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Agora_G_198_-Agora_M_54.jpg 1167w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bae4a28\" data-id=\"bae4a28\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4b97fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c4b97fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"861\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Crimean_amphorae-1024x861.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3638\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Crimean_amphorae-1024x861.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Crimean_amphorae-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Crimean_amphorae-768x646.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Crimean_amphorae-1536x1291.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Crimean_amphorae.jpg 1838w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb69a22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb69a22\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d39636\" data-id=\"0d39636\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15798e elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"d15798e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper center   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><div class=\"ekit_heading_separetor_wraper ekit_heading_elementskit-border-divider elementskit-style-long\"><div class=\"elementskit-border-divider elementskit-style-long\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW48441313 BCX8\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW48441313 BCX8\">\u2018Carrot\u2019 amphorae<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW48441313 BCX8\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f68e94c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f68e94c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-337a210\" data-id=\"337a210\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8a40e7 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"b8a40e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 26-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized):not(.swiper-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 3\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig4_Carrot-5-768x1385.jpg\" alt=\"Fig4_Carrot 5\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 3\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig2_Carrot-3.jpg\" alt=\"Fig2_Carrot 3\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 3\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig1_Carrot_1.jpg\" alt=\"Fig1_Carrot_1\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca8b74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca8b74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136140821 BCX8\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW136140821 BCX8\">Pompeii<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136140821 BCX8\">: \u2018<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW136140821 BCX8\">Carrot<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136140821 BCX8\">\u2019 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW136140821 BCX8\">amphorae<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136140821 BCX8\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW136140821 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce2643c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ce2643c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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.elementor-divider__element{margin-inline-end:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-block-start:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04d9358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"04d9358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig5_Beirut-carrots.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig5_Beirut carrots\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mzc2OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51Yi5lZHVcL3JhY2FtZWRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9GaWc1X0JlaXJ1dC1jYXJyb3RzLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"745\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig5_Beirut-carrots-745x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3768\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig5_Beirut-carrots-745x1024.jpg 745w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig5_Beirut-carrots-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig5_Beirut-carrots-768x1056.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig5_Beirut-carrots.jpg 908w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c5bfe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c5bfe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW90384328 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90384328 BCX8\">Reynolds et al. 2005, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90384328 BCX8\">BEY 015 \u2018carrot\u2019 amphorae.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90384328 BCX8\"> Type <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90384328 BCX8\">A<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90384328 BCX8\"> (1-11) and Type B (12-20)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW90384328 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4549f58 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4549f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70551e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"70551e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fig6_Vipard-typology.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig6_Vipard typology\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mzc3MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy51Yi5lZHVcL3JhY2FtZWRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC9GaWc2X1ZpcGFyZC10eXBvbG9neS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Fig6_Vipard-typology-r93g7p1xt1lroqiglfe0sv7baqzckj592ez52i9lna.jpg\" title=\"Fig6_Vipard typology\" alt=\"Fig6_Vipard typology\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Reynolds et. 2005, from Vipard (1995, fig. 1)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5ff8ac\" data-id=\"e5ff8ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd5252b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd5252b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Five Sch\u00f6ne-Mau (Pompeii) XV\/Peacock and Williams Class 12 so-called \u2018carrot\u2019 amphorae were sampled from the stores in Pompeii (figures 1-4), where they appear to be not common, in contrast to east Cilician Agora G 198. One of the major production centres of these small, narrow containers in the 1st century AD was Beirut, just outside the Hellenistic walls (Site BEY 015), where excavations discovered a workshop producing not only these (figure 5) but also the Beirut amphora type (which carried wine: Woodworth and Reynolds 2021) and complex range of other forms including Reynolds AM 72, a form probably imitating the Dressel 14 fish amphora, as well as a wide range of cooking pots, bowls, lids, drains and thin-walled wares (Reynolds et al. 2008-2009).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The carrot amphora, with ring handles on the shoulder, simple rolled or band rim and tronco-conical body, is in the \u2018hole-mouth jar\u2019 local Levantine-Phoenician tradition that continued into the Roman period, like the larger Hellenistic to 3rd century Tyrian amphora or the Kingsholm 117 type, close to the Tyrian shape (Figure 7), and Gazan amphorae of the 2nd to 7th century. Both carrot amphorae and Kingsholm 117 have been found in large numbers in Rome (Rizzo 2014, 340-341, 343-344; Contino and D\u2019Alessandro 2014). Carrot amphorae have a much wider and more plentiful distribution in Gaul, the Rhine provinces and Britain (153 examples were found in the excavations at Colchester in the 1930s) as well as reaching the Danube provinces from the 1st to 3rd century (for more details, see Reynolds et al 2008-2009, with references).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chemical analyses of carrot amphorae from BEY 015 and imports in southern Gaul provide evidence that some of the latter were Beirut products but others were not. Indeed, the range of published typological variants, such as those in Vienne, suggest that carrot amphorae were produced in other locations (Vipard 1995; Lema\u00eetre et al. 2005; Reynolds et al. 2008-2009) (Figure 6): here one is reminded of imports of likely North Palestinian small amphora Augst 46-47 (Figure 8) or the larger Cel\u00e9stins 1A\/Colchester 105\/Peacock and Williams Class 65 that also found their way to southern Gallic ports and travelled inland to sites such as Lyons and Vienne (Lema\u00eetre 2000) (Figure 9). These other forms have fabrics close to those of North Palestinian Agora M 334, whose kilns have been found west of Galilee. Caesarea is likely to have been one of the ports of export for these. Some (or perhaps all) of the sampled examples from Pompeii were Beirut products.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As for their contents, it has been argued (Reynolds et al. 2008-2009, 76-77) that the carrot amphora is the \u2018twisted cone\u2019 (\u2018<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">torta meta<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019) carrying \u2018<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cottana<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019 (small figs) in Martial (<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Epigrams<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 13.28; 7.53), who also refers to \u2018Damascene\u2019 or \u2018Syrian\u2019 dried damson plums (i.e. prunes: \u2018<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">damascena<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019 and \u2018<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">syriaca pruna<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019) carried in \u2018pointed jars\u2019 (\u2018<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">acuta testa<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019) (Martial, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Epigrams<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 5.18) and these are the \u2018<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">vas Damascenorum<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019 that he offered as a gift for the Saturnalia festival (<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Epigrams<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 13.29). So, like one of the Colchester 105\/C\u00e9lestins 1 found at Avenches containing carbonized dates, it seems likely that the carrot amphora carried various types of dried fruit (figs, prunes and dates).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It seemed opportune to test this hypothesis by sampling the Pompeian vessels. Could these dried fruits leave traces of their presence in the amphorae? The results of the chemical residues were yet again surprising, as they appear to indicate the presence of wine, though further tests are necessary to determine whether this is simply reuse. Could there be a connection with the production of Kingsholm 117, given their shared presence in Rome and the likelihood that the former contained wine, as surely did its counterpart in Tyre? Clearly, more residues analyses of carrot amphorae, such as those in Gaul, and both carrot amphorae and Kingsholm 117 in Rome are needed to provide some answers to these questions.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eastern Mediterranean production RACA-Med: Organic Residues Analyses Cilician Agora G 198 amphorae Agora G 198 amphorae in the Pompeii stores Agora G 198 amphorae in the Pompeii stores Pompeii: Sampled &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/north-african-production-2\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">North African production<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3043","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3043"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3776,"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3043\/revisions\/3776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ub.edu\/racamed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}