Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common diseases affecting the motor and the nervous system. It has no treatment yet, and this pathology causes a deterioration of the motor skills due to dopaminergic neuronal death, the neurons that synthetize dopamine, a brain neurotransmitter that controls the volunteer movements. Now, a study on Parkinson’s published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation Insight reveals brain cells called astrocytes to be reactive, attacking and removing nervous cells that generate dopamine in the midbrain.
The study was led by the experts on stem cells and neurodegeneration Antonella Consiglio, head of a research group at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Barcelona, the Institute of Biomedicine of the UB (IBUB), the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and ICREA Academy researcher, and Àngel Raya, member of IDIBELL and the Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-BBCN), in collaboration with the teams of neurologists led by Eduard Tolosa and Alícia Garrido, from the Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit at Hospital Clínic.
From left to right, the experts Irene Fernandez-Carasa, Antonella Consiglio, Yvonne Richaud-Patin, Meritxell Pons-Espinal and Valentina Baruffi. 
The team worked on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from patients with Parkinson’s. Everything indicates that the astrocytes in the brain of Parkinson’s’ patients overexpress the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, which induces the death of dopaminergic neurons.
“Although the mild inflammation can be beneficial for many neuronal processes, the overproduction of IL-6 can worsen the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, and this may be an important therapeutic target”, says Meritxell Pons-Espinal (UB-IBUB-IDIBELL), principal author of the study.
“It’s important to stress that the treatment of neuronal cultures with tocilizumab, an antibody that is already used daily in the hospital to treat rheumatoid arthritis and which blocks the effect of IL-6-secreting astrocytes, largely prevents nerve cell death”, says Manel Juan, immunologist at the Hospital Clinic and co-author of the study.
As stated by the researcher Antonella Consiglio (UB-IBUB-IDIBELL), “if we could find the right way to modulate the immune system, we could slow down the process of this disease”.
Reference article:
Meritxell Pons-Espinal, Lucas Blasco-Agell, Irene Fernandez-Carasa, Pol Andrés-Benito, Angelique di Domenico, Yvonne Richaud-Patin, Valentina Baruffi, Laura Marruecos, Lluís Espinosa, Alicia Garrido, Eduardo Tolosa, Michael J. Edel, Manel Juan Otero, José Luis Mosquera, Isidre Ferrer, Angel Raya, and Antonella Consiglio. Blocking IL-6 signaling prevents astrocyte-induced neurodegeneration in an iPSC-based model of Parkinson’s disease. February 8, 2024. JCI Insight. 2024;9(3):e163359. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.163359.
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